Hydrocarbon-burner



WQS. MORR ze J. e. RoeRRS. HYDRUARBON BURNER.

Patented Mey 13, 1890 ma noms persas co., mumu'mo., wAsMmsroN, n. c.

(No Model.)

UNTTED STATES PATENT Fries..

lVILSON SQUIRE MORE, OF ELLIOOTT, AND JOHN GILBERT ROGERS, OF JAMESTOVN, NEV YORK.

HYDROCARBON-BURN ER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent NO. 427,595, dated May 13, 1890.

Application led May 16, 1889. Serial No. 310,957. (No model.)

T0 @ZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, WILsON Soulan MORE and JOHN GILBERT ROGERS, residents, respectively, of Ellicott, in the county of Erie, and Jamestown, in the county of Chautauqua and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydrocarbon-Burners; and we do hereby declare that the following specification, taken in connection with the drawings furnished an d forining a part of the saine, is a clear, true, and complete description of our invention.

The prime objects of our invention are to provide for a practically complete combustion of crude petroleum, whether of the light or heavy varieties, and to do this without the use of Water or steam beyond that which may be normally present in the petroleum, and, further, to provide for that purpose a simple inexpensive burner of a durable character and readily operated by unskilled persons.

So far as we know, our burner involves a novel mode of operation, in that said burner is so organized that it eliminates and directly burns the gaseous components of the petroleum at one portion of the burner and continuously discharges from said portion the more solid or tarry matter into another underlying portion of the burner, where it is consumed, the heat and smoke rising therefrom-merging with the flames which are supported by the gaseous elements, abundant oxygen heilig supplied to all interior portions of the burner 'wherein combustion occurs.

Broadly stated, our burner embodies in combination, first, a retort provided with meansl by which it may be supplied with petroleum, drop by drop, or Otherwise continnou sly supplied in limited and Well-controlled quantities, and also provided with a series of apertures which serve in common as gas-jet burners and educts for tarry matter; second, an underlying iire-pan into which said tarry matter falls and is burned, said pan having perforated walls for securing aplentiiul supply o'f air, and, third, a perforated wall in- `closing the space within which the gas or vapor from the retort is projected and burned, and into which the flames and smoke from the burning tar are also delivered,said space being in substance a vertical combustion chamber or flue well supplied with oxygen, so that the gaseous matter from tlieretorl'-, as well as the tar exuded therefrom, may be ei`- ciently and economically burned.

To more particular describe our invention, we will refer to the drawings, in which- Figures 1 and 2, in side view and vertical section, respectively, illustrate one of our burners in a simple form, as constructed by us for use in ordinary house-stoves. Fig. 3, in vertical section, illustrates one of our burners as organized for more extensive service.

In the burner shown in Figs. l and 2 the retort A is annular in form; or, in otherwords, it is a hollow ring which may be varied indefinitely as to its cross-sectional contour, and also as to its mechanical characteristics, without departure from our invention. llt is provided with an induction-pipe a, for supplying the liquid fuel, and as this should be delivered gradually in small quantities, usually drop by drop, it is important that suitable means be provided for graduating the supply of the fuel7 and this can well be controlled by the use of an ordinary cock, as at h. It is desirable that the petroleum should, as usual, be supplied from an elevated receiver or tank. (Not shown.)

The interior annular wall c of the ret-Ort is provided with a series of small holes or jetapertures, as at c, and tor securing the best results these holes should be located as nearly as possible to the surface of the bottom of the retort, because these apertures not only serve as gas-jets, after the manner of gas-burners, but also as discharge-ducts for the residual tarry matters developed in the retort, and these liquid matters should be promptly discharged while in a thoroughly liqueiied condition, and not retained in the retort and exposed to coking or ash forming.

Below the retort is the iirepan B, into which the tarry matter is delivered drop by drop as it falls from the apertures c in the retort. This tire-pan is annular in forni, correspond ing in its contour with the inner wall of the retort, and it has inner and outer walls d tl', which are provided with openings or passages for the entrance of air for facilitating the combustion of the tarry matter as it falls in drops in a blazing condition from the retort IOC into the pan. These side walls d and d are not only highly heated by the flaming contents of the pan, but also from above when the burner is in operation, the retort itself `being then highly heated and said walls being connected therewith.

Above the retort there is an annular combustion ilue or chamber C, having inner and outer side walls e and e', and these are well perforated for the free admission of air; and it will be seen that from the bottom of the tire-pan upward there is a free annular space extending through the annular space su rrounded by the retort to the top of said flue, and hence the latter is common, not only to the llames and smoke rising from the tirepan, but also to the flaming gaseous matter,

which is directly burned at the jets, through which it is delivered from the retort. In this particular construction of our burner the inner vertical or sidc wall c of the combustion-Hue and the inner vertical side wall d of the fire-pan are afforded by a tube f, open at its lower end and serving as an air-flue for ing from the combustion-flue.

to the retort. l graduated by the quantity of fuel admitted As ra rule, we yemploy with our burners a `deflecting cap or cone D; but the main features of our invention do not depend thereon, as it will be seen that abundant oxygenlj is supplied to the fire-pan and to the combustion chamber or ilue, and-under commingling conditions obviously favorable to combustion, and that the smoke rising with the heat and llames from the fire-pan isv merged with the mass or masses of flaming gas issuilng from the retort; but with the dellector-a more complete combustion is assured.

In starting the burner a small `quantity of lpetroleum is admitted to the retort, and it VAflows from the apertures c therein, dropplng yinto thefire-pan, where it is readily ignited by way of any of its air-openings. Inl a few minutes gaseous pressure will be developed within the retort, and gas or gaseous vapor is forced therefrom through the several jet-aper tures,and ybeing promptly ignited continues to burn as long as the petroleum is supplied The volume of heat will be to the retort; but the supply should be graduated according to the gasifying capacity-of the retort, and so avoid the unduev discharge l of any liquid until its gaseous matter has been well eliminated. `It will be seen that as tarry matter accumulates on the bottom of the retort (which may be slightly inclined)` it will flow to the apertures and be Vmore or less forcibly discharged therefrom by the gas f lor'vapor, which is delivered under considerable pressure through the same jets or aperl tures; 'and -hence it is seldom, if ever, that said apertures become clogged. After the lsupply of petroleum has been cut off from the retort the burner continues to operate until its contents are ejected and consumed, and this is so thorough and complete that retorts having been opened after many weeks of regular service have been found substantially as clean within as when first made, and at no time of their service was it necessary to clear out the jet-apertures- Our burners of the form shown in Figs. l and 2 are well suited for the lightest duty ever desired, and their dimensions may be so enlarged as to render them fit for comparatively heavy service. In some cases, however, it is desirable that the retort should be more thoroughly exposed to the action ofthe lam es and heat than when arranged as in Figs. l and 2-or, for instance, as illustrated in Fig. 3, wherein the retort A is drum-shaped W (instead of annular) and is supported upona post g, and has the tire-pan B attached to it and depending therefrom; but the latter has the same annularform as in Figs. land 2, and its side walls arc provided with air-ports, and an abundant supply of oxygen' is thereby afforded.

Surrounding the retort and fire-pan is a tubular wall h, somewhat larger lat the bottom than at the top, and this tube is freely supplied with air passages. The interior space inclosed by this wall h from the top of the fire-pan walls to the top o'fsaid wall h constitutes a combustion tube or chamber, as before described, which is common to the flames rising from the fire-pan and those of the burning gas yor vapor issuingffrom the jets of the retort.

On a post supported by the top of the retort a detlector D is mounted for operation, as with the smaller burner.

It will be seen that in this burner the flames from the fire-pan are well-commingled with oxygen supplied through the side walls ofthe pan, and that near the base of the retort an annular column of air will be delivered to the annular flame as it reaches the base of the retort, and from thencev the volume of heat, llame, and air rises and commingles with the flaming gas or yvapor.v The whole then rising into the combustion-flue passes therefrom without any visible unconsumed products of-l combustion. Itwill also be seen that in this burner the retort, tirepan, and deflector are so united as to be a complete structure supported at its base, and that the outer wall h is independently supported, and hence the latter may be composed of any suitable materials-in some cases of Iire-brick-having the airducts or channels therein, so that as the wall becomes highly heated the air passing through said ducts will be raised tol a temperature highly favorable to the best possible results.

It will be readily obvious that while our burners have been specially devised with reference to the successful burning of crude pe- IOO IIO

troleum of even the heaviest grades they can be used for burning the lighter forms of liquid hydrocarbons, and in all cases When the fuel usedcontains matter which cannot be completely gasiiied in the retort the practical value of our improvements will be readily recognized.

Having thus described our invention, we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. In a petroleum-burner, the combination, substantially as hereinbetore described, of a retort having means for supplying it with liquid fuel in graduated quantity, and also havinga series ot small eduction-apertures which serve both for the delivery of gas or vapor directly burn ed, as from ordinary gas-j ets, and also for the discharge ot gra-duallycleveloped tarry matters from the retort, a fire-pan for the reception of said tarry matter, located beloW the retort, and acombustion flue orehamber, which extends belouT and above the rcthe retort for receiving the falling tar and having perforated sidewalls, and an annular combustion chamber or flue, which is above said retort, has perforated side Walls, and is common to the merged flames rising from the {ire-pan and those at the gas-j ets of the retort. 3. In a petroleu1x1-burner,the combination, substantially as described, of a retort having small jet-apertures from which gas or vapor and residual tarry matters are forcibly discharged, a lire-panA beloWsaid retort for re ceiving said tarry matter, a combustion chamber or i'lue which extends from the Vfire from above the retort and is common to the flames rising from said fire-pau and to flaming gas issuing from theretort, and a deiiecting-cone at the top of said flue or chamber.

. 4. In a petroleum-burner, the combination, substantially as hereinbefore described, of a retort having apipe for conveying' fuel thereto, and having a series of gas-jet apertures closely adjacent to the bottom surface of the retort, and a fire-pau located below said aper-` tu res, Wh ereby tarry matterswill be promptly ejected bythe gaseous pressure developed within the retort and delivered into the lirepau for combustion simultaneously with the combustion ot the gas as it leaves the jetapcrtures of the retort.

WILSON SQUIRE MORE. JOHN ILBER'l ROGERS.

lVitnesses:

PHILIP F. LARNER, HOWELL BARTLE. 

